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Arch Iran Med. 2022;25(2): 127-132.
doi: 10.34172/aim.2022.22

Scopus ID: 85127529956
  Abstract View: 2059
  PDF Download: 1144

Systematic Review

Regulatory T Cells in Immunopathogenesis and Severity of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Sam Alahyari 1,2 ORCID logo, Mohsen Rajaeinejad 3* ORCID logo, Hasan Jalaeikhoo 3, Davar Amani 4 ORCID logo

1 Science and Research Branch, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA‐ CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
*Corresponding Author: *Corresponding Author: Mohsen Rajaeinejad, MD, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Etemadzadeh St. West Fatemi St. Tehran, Iran. Tel: 982186096350-3, Fax: 982122719014, E-mail: , Email: mrajaei@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often experience hyper-inflammatory reactions, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), blood clotting, and organ damage. The most prominent immunopathology of advanced COVID-19 is cytokine release syndrome, or “cytokine storm” which is attributed to a defect of immune-regulating mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as one of the main cells that maintain immune homeostasis.

Methods: A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. All English articles related to Treg’s role in COVID-19 were extracted and evaluated by two researchers independently. Study eligibility was assessed based on modified Evidence-based librarianship (EBL) checklist.

Results: Nineteen eligible studies comparing Treg cells in COVID-19 patients with the control group or comparing alterations of this cell in severe and moderate patients were evaluated. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the increase or decrease of Tregs in COVID-19 patients compared to the control group. However, it was observed that Tregs in severe COVID-19 patients were significantly lower than moderate patients, resulting in uncontrolled inflammation and cytokine storm.

Conclusion: Regulatory T cells can be one of the determinants of disease severity and prognosis in patients with COVID-19 by inhibiting rampant inflammation and preventing cytokine storms.



Cite this article as: Alahyari S, Rajaeinejad M, Jalaeikhoo H, Aman D. Regulatory t cells in immunopathogenesis and severity of covid-19: a systematic review. Arch Iran Med. 2022;25(2):127-132. doi: 10.34172/aim.2022.22
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Submitted: 20 Sep 2021
Revision: 14 Oct 2021
Accepted: 20 Oct 2021
ePublished: 01 Feb 2022
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