Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran Archives of Iranian Medicine 1029-2977 27 10 2024 10 01 Discovery of Ornithodoros tholozani, the Main Vector of Iranian Tick-born Relapsing Fever 595 597 10.34172/aim.31196 EN Ali Emadzadeh https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7311-1164 Shirin Taraz Jamshidi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-493X Journal Article 10.34172/aim.31196 2024 04 22 2024 07 31 Doctor Joseph Désiré Tholozan was a French physician who became the special physician of Nassereddin Shah, King of Persia (Iran) in the 19th century. He studied lots of topics in the field of epidemiology of infectious diseases. His efforts led to the discovery of the main vector of Iranian tick-born relapsing fever, Ornithodoros tholozani. He was also one of the pioneers of the Iranian Sanitary Council, whose efforts led to the foundation of the Ministry of Health of Iran a few decades later. This paper is a brief review of his biography and his roles in promoting health in Iran in the 19th century.