Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran Archives of Iranian Medicine 1029-2977 27 7 2024 07 01 Neuromyelitis in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report 400 402 10.34172/aim.28804 EN Fuyong Qiang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-1963 Zhi Li https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8166-1104 Lanfang Chen Dan Xuan Jun Sheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-862X Journal Article 10.34172/aim.28804 2024 01 06 2024 03 11 A patient with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complained of spinal cord symptoms after RA relapse. Contrast MRI demonstrated neuromyelitis in the upper thoracic spinal cord, and anti-aquaporin-4 (anti-AQP4) antibody was positive in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) was diagnosed after excluding central nervous system (CNS) infection and tumor, and spinal cord symptoms were relieved after high dose of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant were initiated for treatment.