Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran Archives of Iranian Medicine 1029-2977 14 1 2011 01 01 First Report on the Co-inheritance of Beta-globin IVS-I-5 (G-C) Thalassemia with Delta Globin CD12 {Asn-Lys (AAT-AAA)}HbA2 NYU in Iran 8 11 EN Azam Amirian Morteza Karimipoor Masoumeh Jafarinejad Maryam Taghavi Alireza Kordafshari Samaneh Fathi Azar Malihe Sadat Mohammadi Sirous Zeinali Journal Article BACKGROUND: Co-inheritance of β- and δ-globin mutations in Iran is not uncommon. This situation may interfere with correct diagnosis and genetic counseling of α- and β-thalassemia in screening programs. Here we report the co-inheritance of β- and δ-globin gene mutations in an individual with microcytosis, hypochromia and a normal hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) level. METHODS: Genomic DNA extraction, amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing of δ- and β-globin genes were exploited for detection of the mutations in these two genes in an individual with low hematological indices and normal HbA2. RESULTS: ARMS-PCR technique revealed the β+ IVSI-5 (G to C) mutation and direct DNA sequencing of the δ-globin gene detected a previously reported delta codon 12 (AAT-AAA) HbA2-NYU. This study reports HbA2-NYU in association with the β IVSI-5 (G to C) mutation in Iran. DISCUSSION: This report emphasizes that normal HbA2 expression in a β-goblin carrier is due to mutation in the δ-globin gene and may cause misdiagnosis of thalassemia.